动名词由动词+ing构成,动词read的动名词形式是reading,动名词可以在句子中做主语、补语和宾语。
Reading helps you learn English. 这里动名词reading做主语。
Her favorite hobby is reading. 这里reading做补语。
I enjoy reading.这里reading做宾语。
否定的话,直接加not就可以了。看句子:
He enjoys not working.
The best thing for your health is not smoking.
不定式是to+动词,learn的不定式是to learn.不定式可以在句子中做主语、补语和宾语。
To learn is important. 这里to learn 做主语。
The most important thing is to learn. 这里to learn做补语。
He wants to learn. 这里to learn 做宾语。
否定的话也是直接加not,看句子:
I decided not to go.
The most important thing is not to give up.
动名词和不定式同样可以在句子中做主语和补语,但是动名词听起来既正式又口语化,而不定式就有点抽象了。动名词更自然,在日常生活的表达中也很常见,而不定式强调可能性或者某样东西的潜能时,有那么些许的哲学色彩。看句子:
Learning is important. 正常做主语
To learn is important. 有些抽象,不常见
The most important thing is learning. 正常做补语
The most important thing is to learn. 很抽象,不常用。
作宾语时,选择用动名词还是不定式就有些困难了,有些时候,动名词和不定式不可以互换的。通常是句子中的动词决定了到底是使用动名词还是不定式。
He enjoys swimming. "Enjoy" 后面要接动名词.
He wants to swim. "Want" 后面要接不定式
还有:
She suggested going to a movie.
Mary keeps talking about her problems.
She wants to go to a movie.
Mary needs to talk about her problems.
想过你为什么没学好英语吗?
因为你没有真正的掌握英语学习的方法!
学英语不能输在起跑线上