英语语法 名词性从句的结构分析

大家先看看Jason老师之前的文章《英语语法 名词性从句的使用》《英语语法 名词性从句的使用 续1》

今天Jason老师继续给大家一些名词性从句的范例,然后分析下结构。

看句子

I heard that you’re settled down,

I heard that you found a girl and you’re married now.

I heard that your dreams came true.

I had hoped you’d see my face and that you’d be reminded

大家记不记得名词是某物或某人的称呼?名词从句是很长的由很多词组成的名词。当然有限定动词的存在,要不然就只算是名词短语了。

与名词一样,名词从句可以用代词替代。代词不仅限于 I, you, me, it, they 等。我们可以说

this song ? this,

these songs ? these,

that song ? that.但是that这个词要特别注意。通常我们分析句子结构时,关注的是单词是如何使用的。下面的例句中,that是名词性从句的引导词,或者是Jason老师所写句子中的代词。

1. I heard that you’re settled down,

= I heard this. OR it. OR that.

2. I heard that you found a girl and (that) you’re married now.

= I heard this / it / that and this / it / that.

3. I heard that your dreams came true.

= I heard this / it / that.

4. I had hoped (that) you’d see my face and that you’d be reminded

= I had hoped this / it / that and this / it / that.

注没注意到名词从句引导词that后面连接着一个句子(从句)。That省略不省略后面都有一个句子。

这些例句都是间接引语,你发现了吗?

记住

名词从句是从属分句

名词从句的引导词是从属连词

名词从句的引导词that也是关系从句的引导词。在关系从句中,that是代词,可以用which和who代替。这也是判断名词性从句和关系从句的方法。

I guess she gave you things (that) I didn’t give to you. 关系从句

=I guess she gave you things (which) I didn’t give to you. 关系从句

The singer that wrote those songs is from England. 关系从句

= The singer who wrote those songs is from England. 关系从句

在名词从句中that不是代词,不能用which或者who代替。

The rumour that Alice is going to retire is not true.

不可以变成:The rumour which Alice is going to retire is not true.

I heard that your dreams came true.

不可以变成: I heard which your dreams came true.

判断是否为关系从句还是名词从句还有一个简单的方法,名词性从句引导词that后面接的是一个句子。

I heard that you found a girl

是that 加上句子:You found a girl. 名词从句

I heard that your dreams came true

是 tha加上句子:Your dreams came true. 名词从句

关系从句中that后面接的不是句子。

I guess she gave you things (that) I didn’t give to you. that后面是一个不完整的句子

The singer who wrote those songsis from England. who后面也不是一个完整的句子

关系从句引导词that, who, which, whom, whose后面接的都不是句子。

名词性从句引导词that不能接在介词后面

The audience were delighted by that she sang.是不对的

但是可以是:

> The audience were delighted by what she sang.

> The audience were delighted by how she sang.

They listened attentively to that she said. 是错的

但是这样可以:

> They listened attentively to what she said.

wh开头的引导词不能接在形容词后面

The audience were delighted what she sang. 这样是不可以的

应该是: The audience were delighted by what she sang.

She was sorry why she had to cancel a concert.

应该是:She was sorry that she had to cancel a concert.

只有少数形容词,比如sure和certain后面可以接引导词what,whether

I’m not sure what she sang first.

I’m not certain whether Alice sang “Hello” at her last concert.

这些是我们在学习名词从句时需要注意的内容。记住英语语法规则的最好方法就是大量阅读和倾听,而不是死记硬背一大堆规则。读的越多,听的越多,使用的就越自然。

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